The Internet of Things is an important part of the new generation of information technology and an important stage of development in the "information" era。Its English name is: "Internet of things (IoT)"。As the name suggests, the Internet of Things is the Internet of things connected。This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extension and expansion of the network on the basis of the Internet;Second, its client extends and expands to any item between the item, information exchange and communication, that is, the object of the phase。The Internet of Things is widely used in the integration of networks through communication perception technologies such as intelligent perception, identification technology and pervasive computing, and is therefore known as the third wave of the development of the world information industry after the computer and the Internet。The Internet of Things is the application of the Internet expansion, rather than the Internet of Things is a network, rather than the Internet of Things is business and application。Therefore, application innovation is the core of iot development, with user experience as the core of innovation 2.0 is the soul of iot development。
定义：The use of local network or the Internet and other communication technologies to sensors, controllers, machines, personnel and things through a new way together, the formation of people and things, things and things are connected, to achieve information, remote management and control and intelligent network。The Internet of Things is an extension of the Internet, which includes the Internet and all the resources on the Internet, compatible with all the applications of the Internet, but all the elements of the Internet of Things (all devices, resources and communications, etc.) are personalized and privatized。
（1）Sensor technology: This is also a key technology in computer applications。As we all know, the vast majority of computers so far have processed digital signals。For as long as there have been computers, sensors have been needed to convert analog signals into digital signals that computers can process。
（2）RFID tag: is also a sensor technology, RFID technology is a combination of radio frequency technology and embedded technology as one of the comprehensive technology, RFID in automatic identification, goods logistics management has broad application prospects。
（3）Embedded system technology: it is a complex technology integrating computer hardware and software, sensor technology, integrated circuit technology and electronic application technology。After decades of evolution, intelligent terminal products characterized by embedded systems can be seen everywhere.Small MP3 players around people，As big as an aerospace satellite system。Embedded system is changing people's life，Promote the development of industrial production and defense industry。If the Internet of Things is a simple analogy with the human body, the sensor is equivalent to the human eyes, nose, skin and other senses, the network is the nervous system used to transmit information, the embedded system is the human brain, after receiving the information to be classified and processed。This example vividly describes the position and role of sensors and embedded systems in the Internet of Things。
The Internet of Things is versatile，It covers many fields such as intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, safe home, intelligent fire protection, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, street lighting control, landscape lighting control, building lighting control, square lighting control, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection。
The Internet of Things fully applies the new generation of IT technology to all walks of life，To be specific，Sensors are embedded and equipped into power grids, railways, Bridges, tunnels, roads, buildings, water systems, DAMS, oil and gas pipelines, and so on，Then integrate the "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet，To achieve the integration of human society and physical systems，In this integrated network，There are super-powerful central computer clusters，Enables real-time management and control of people, machines, equipment and infrastructure within an integrated network，On this basis，Humans can manage production and life in a more refined and dynamic way，Reach a "wisdom" state，Improve resource utilization and productivity，Improving the relationship between man and nature。
According to its practical use, it can be summarized into two basic application modes:
Smart label for the object。Identify specific objects through NFC, QR code, RFID and other technologies，Used to distinguish object individuals，For example, we use various smart cards in our lives，The basic purpose of bar code labels is to obtain object identification information;In addition, smart labels can also be used to obtain extended information contained in object items，Such as the amount balance on the smart card，The URL and name contained in the QR code。
Intelligent control of objects。Based on the cloud computing platform and intelligent network, the Internet of Things can make decisions based on the data obtained by the sensor network, and change the behavior of the object for control and feedback。For example, adjust the brightness of the street lamp according to the strength of the light, and automatically adjust the traffic light interval according to the flow of the vehicle。
